Menopause
Also known as: Postmenopause · Surgical Menopause
Menopause is the permanent cessation of menses, confirmed after 12 consecutive months without a period. Estradiol and progesterone are persistently low. Symptoms can extend years into postmenopause and overlap with cardiometabolic and bone-density risk.
What you need to know
Menopause itself is a single point in time; what most women experience is the postmenopausal state that follows. Estradiol and progesterone are persistently low, FSH is elevated, and the protective cardiometabolic and bone effects of estradiol fade. Hot flashes, sleep disruption, vaginal and urinary changes, mood shifts, and accelerated visceral-fat accumulation are common. Bioidentical hormone optimization (BHRT), when candidacy is confirmed, addresses symptoms and the longer-arc cardiometabolic and skeletal changes. Provider-reviewed delivery (transdermal estradiol + oral micronized progesterone for women with a uterus) is standard.
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